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General URL components

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Component
Description
Default value
scheme
Open
Which protocol to use when accessing a server to get a resource.
None
user
Open
The username some scheme require to access a resource.
anonymous
password
Open
The password that may be included after the username, separated by a colon (:).
<Email address>
host
Open
The hostname or dotted IP address of the server hosting the resource.
None
port
Open
The port number on which the server hosting the resource is listening. Many schemes have default port numbers (the default port number for HTTP is 80).
Scheme-specific
path
Open
The local name for the resource on the server, separated from the previous URL components by a slash (/). The syntax of the path component is server-and scheme-specific. (We will see later in this chapter that a URL's path can be divided into segments, and each segment can have its own components specific to that segment.)
None
params
Open
Used by some schemes to specify input parameters. Params are name/value pairs. A URL can contain multiple params fields, separated from themselves and the rest of the path by semicolons (;).
None
query
Open
Used by some schemes to pass parameters to active applications (such as database, bulletin boards, search engines, and other Internet gateways). There in no common format for the contents of the query component. It is separated from the rest of the URL by the "?" character.
None
frag
Open
A name for a piece or part of the resource. The frag field is not passed to the server when referencing the object; it is used internally by the client.
None
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